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Ahava rabbah (Hebrew: אהבה רבה, ''(an ) abundant love'', also Ahavah raba and other variant English spellings) is a prayer and blessing that is recited by followers of Ashkenazi Judaism during Shacharit (the morning religious services of Judaism) immediately prior to the Shema, the "Hear O Israel..." prayer. Followers of Sephardi Judaism begin this prayer with the words "Ahavat Olam" instead of Ahava rabbah; which is not to be confused with the shorter blessing of Ahavat Olam recited by both Sefardim and Ashkenazim during Maariv (with slight differences in their form).〔My People's Prayer Book: Welcoming the night: Minchah and Ma'ariv By Lawrence A. Hoffman, Marc Brettler, page 63〕 It was during the time of the Geonim that the text of this prayer was fixed.〔Higher and higher : making Jewish prayer part of us By Steven Brown, page 102〕 This prayer is an expression of thanks for the love God has given the people.〔The JPS guide to Jewish traditions By Ronald L. Eisenberg, Jewish Publication Society, pages 419-20〕 It thanks God for the gift of the Torah, which provides life,〔From ideology to liturgy: Reconstructionist worship and American liberal Judaism By Eric Caplan, page 92〕 and for making the Jewish people the chosen nation.〔From ideology to liturgy: Reconstructionist worship and American liberal Judaism By Eric Caplan, page 363〕 Ahava rabbah is recited during Shacharit, and Ahavat Olam during Maariv as a compromise. The Talmud provides differing views on which one should be recited. Ahava Rabbah, being the longer of the two, is therefore recited in the morning, and Ahavat Olam in the evening.〔The JPS guide to Jewish traditions By Ronald L. Eisenberg, Jewish Publication Society, pages 412-13〕 Ahava rabbah is recited immediately before the Shema because its recital brings on the obligation to immediately learn, or at the very least, recite verses from the Torah. Since the Shema is composed of verses from the Torah, its recital fulfills that obligation.〔With all your heart: the Shema in Jewish worship, practice and life By Meir Levin, ISBN 1-56871-215-4, page 195〕 The recitation of Ahava Rabbah fulfills the mitzvah of saying a blessing before Torah study. Normally, verses from the Torah are recited during Birkat HaShachar. But if one forgets to recite these verses then, the obligation is met through the recitation of Ahava Rabbah. However, the recitation of the Shema does ''not'' meet this requirement, even though it is composed of verses from the Torah.〔Meoros hadaf hayomi, Volume 1 By Bet ha-midrash di-Ḥaside Sokhaṭshov (Bene Beraḳ, Israel), page 33-35〕 It is during Ahava rabbah in which the four corners of the tzitzit are gathered, which occurs at the words "Bring us peace at the four corners of the earth." They are held throughout the Shema and kissed four times during the third paragraph of the Shema and once during Vayatziv (the paragraph following the Shema) and then released.〔The JPS guide to Jewish traditions By Ronald L. Eisenberg, Jewish Publication Society, page 378.〕 The gathering of the tzitzit on these words is symbolic of the gathering of the Jewish people〔Higher and higher : making Jewish prayer part of us By Steven Brown, page 103〕 The prayer contains multiple requests to God. One of them is being enlightened to the Torah is a part of the prayer. Another is that God to protect us from shame. It is stated that those who cleave to a life of mitzvot will not be shamed.〔Teaching Jewish Virtues: Sacred Sources and Arts Activities By Susan Freeman, page 23-25〕 Another is that the Jewish people are gathered from the four corners of the world and returned to Israel.〔From ideology to liturgy: Reconstructionist worship and American liberal Judaism By Eric Caplan, page 101〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ahava rabbah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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